What counts as workplace discrimination?

Full Answer

Federal law (Title VII, the ADA, the ADEA, and others) prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, religion, sex (including pregnancy and sexual orientation), age 40 or older, disability, and genetic information. Many states add categories such as marital status, gender identity, sexual orientation, and military status.

Discrimination can show up in hiring, firing, promotions, pay, training, discipline, work assignments, and harassment. A single hostile comment is usually not enough — courts look for either tangible adverse actions or harassment severe or pervasive enough to alter the conditions of employment.

If you believe you have been discriminated against, save documents, write down a timeline, and file a charge with the EEOC or your state agency within the deadlines (typically 180 or 300 days). Consult an employment attorney early.